Saturday 9 January 2010

House Set Islami


10 It is important The Guide should serve as the Organizing Islamic House, As Below.

1. Hygiene and Purity

Maintain cleanliness and sanctity of a Muslim has the added value, namely as syar'i law. Therefore let a Muslim should always be clean and pure, body, clothing and residence, which is also a requirement legality worship, especially prayer. For instance when a Muslim is unclean to clean, so he was not only clean the dirt in lahiriyah only, but also maknawiyah. For each type of waste that is classified as unclean has its own ways of cleaning and mensucikannya.

2. Organize and arrange so that the interior of the house to be beautiful and pleasing to the eye.

"God is beautiful and loves beauty '. Let every Muslim to realize this, especially the beauty of his home. Using clothes neat and clean in accordance with the circumstances and conditions, household furniture organized in place, the room is arranged according to function and condition, such as a frame of Baitul Haram properly placed in the wall of the living room and not in the kitchen.

3. Adab lowered his voice, keep confidential and not make noise.

Imam Hasan Al-Banna said that in her will, "Do not harden your voice over needs of the listener, because it is such a stupid and annoying other people." Loud voices in dispute laugh out loud, shrill voices of women as well as radio or television are powerful things that are very sensitive and can lead to disputes. It is not ethical in Islam.

In the Islamic house, of its inhabitants will always try to apply the Islamic ethics in bermuamalah with fellow members and other neighbors, maintaining modesty in speaking, respects the rights of others and keep the secret in his household.

4. Regulate matters relating to science and worship.

The important and foremost is compulsory sciences are needed as the problem of worship, performing deeds obligatory (mandatory) and also charity-Sunna and the Islamic charity in a way a home library, worship especially prayer, fasting, Quran Recitations, Dzikrullah (remember God) and prayer. All family members should cooperate together to realize these things. Role tausiah (advise each other) is very important in maintaining these practices kelangsunagn implementation.

5. Be modest funds to eat, drink and lifestyle.

A Muslim has the responsibility to themselves and their families. He was required to always selecting food and beverages brought into the house, and with regard to the quality and quantity. Stacked pile of clothes and useless things is a waste. For that each need to be purchased should be taken into account before interest and benefit.

6. Establish rapport and civilized social life.

In the house should be applied to Islamic adab Islamic associations as well. Adab of the elderly are respected, obedient to them, do good and menistimewakan both. Husband and wife also bermuamalah well and give examples of models for their children. Manjalin friendship with family friends and distant relatives. Familiarize the children to respect the older and younger love, and good adab-adab other.

7. Health and sports.

"There are two pleasures forgotten by most people, health and leisure '(Narrated by Bukhari).

Islam is health. In another hadith the importance of health problems and strengths mentioned much. But in practice many Muslims who ignore this problem. Consider the problem of cleanliness, the air coming into the house, ventilation, and spatial kerapihan home. Let each family member accustomed to exercise, walk or run in the morning, or whatever it is. It would be nice if the sports program is accompanied by Dzikrullah and prayers.

8. Protecting homes and family members of morality, inappropriate behavior and keep them away from things that are unlawful, makruh and dangerous.

O ye who believe, guard yourselves and your families from hell fire fuel is men and stones; guardian angels are rough, tough, who do not disobey Allah in what He commanded them, and always doing what I was told . (Qur'an 66:6)

A good Muslim will always be actively carrying out the demands of religion. So did his family, and trying to distance himself and his family from the things forbidden by the religion. The Muslims have always looked at what's in the house as the private parts that must be maintained. It should be noted, that some of our clothes are not worth to see someone else, because it would interfere with feelings, not bad, and so forth. There must be no underwear lying around. Behavior and words that are not good not to be practiced by members of the family.

It is to be kept private parts, not to reveal private parts in front of others, even small children. Then the interior of the house do not there things that God cursed like a statue or any other type. Also things to avoid anything that includes the category "lagho ', makruh and unlawful. Like most television, radio or other events that are not useful, and a waste of time.

Even children should be constantly guarded his movements from the things that is bad and dangerous, such as medicines and sharp objects and glassware.

9. Do good to the neighbors, guests and bersilaturahim respect.

Honoring the guest is one of the obligation for a Muslim. Among the Islamic adab for those who visit are not heavy people who visited him to entertain us as guests. A Muslim should always prepare themselves, their homes and kaluarganya to receive guests and respect.

Meanwhile, courtesy of the neighbors are meeting their rights to certain events, such as joy and sorrow, to keep the kids not to fight with neighborhood children and to avoid noise or something that they are difficult.

10. Keeping adab in and out of the house.

The first thing that must be considered a Muslim and Muslim in and out of the house is related to the Sunnah of these issues, which foot should come first and give greetings to the inhabitants.

Before you leave the house should determine the intent, purpose and direction of self and check mengoraksi luggage. Muslim women especially when going out of the house should not smell of perfume that can lure other men, always tidying and maintaining close aurat hijabnya and well not to any use or the wind.


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Tuesday 5 January 2010

Building and Interior Components

Building mosques for ritual prayers of Muslims, therefore, in addition to having room to pray together, the mosque has the pulpit (minbar), a seat lecture. In line with Islamic worship prayer should face the Qiblah or direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, in the middle of the mosque wall in that direction given the mihrab, a niche or a relatively small space in the wall as a sign of the direction of Qiblah. Usually the pulpit on the right side chamber. For the mandatory ablution to purify himself, made a special place into the four components in the mosque.
VIII century mosque with many minarets, towers to "call" people of prayer, or azan also become part of the ritual prayer. Especially the ancient mosque in the middle east are usually equipped with dikka, like a stage with stairs, placed in the middle of the main prayer space outside the mosque yard sometimes.

Decoration

Decorations are part of the same art as architecture, directly related to the era and culture of a society. In terms of decoration on the mosque can not be separated from the Islamic law stipulated in the Hadith and the Qur'an, especially in relation to art.

Intricate geometric pattern

The definition of geometric shapes is around the line, area, curve, triangle, up polygons etc. in geometry, including parts breadth angle and can be measured. Building to worship in Islam, geometric principles applied in a flexible, function more as a director and decoration.
The use of geometric decoration materials used to solve two-dimensional components, patterns, shape, outline for the decoration of the dome, arch, and system arch muqarnas. Muqarnas is a projection system, repetition and multiplication of a form of niche, for decor transition parts in architecture. Muqarnas decoration often called mocarabes and also because of its shape like a stalactite, limestone formed by dripping water over hundreds or even thousands of years at the top of the caves.
Besides the two-dimensional geometric pattern is preferred. Two-dimensional decoration is formed by the lines or flat areas of color from a variety of materials such as a star pattern, complicated and crowded therefore often referred to intricate.
Continuous repetition of the pattern of geometric decoration, a basic measure together with the measures of other mosques, including the structure and construction.

muqarnas

Calligraphy


Become elements of calligraphy by many people and should be considered together in a mosque. Calligraphy (calligraphy) is the art of writing the letter part of the art, so it is directly related to beauty, and pleasure. Calligraphy in general and written sentences or words quoted from the Qur'an is not the beauty of its form alone, nmaun also from the meaning and content.
Along with the history and development of Islam has long centuries it developed the art of Arabic calligraphy and also according to the era. Known some arab kaligrapi flow, among others: Mashq, square Kufic (Square Kufic), Eastern Kufic, Thuluth, Naskhi, Muhaqqaq, Rihani and Taliq.
Mashq has existed since the first century of the Muslim era, flourished in Mecca and Medina. Square Kufic developed in Kufa, Iraq in the ninth century. Eastern Kufic, more complicated version of traction, especially on the vertical line upwards, developed since the end of the century, X. Thuluth, fully developed the IX century. Naskhi, characteristic of a relatively calligraphy most easily written and read, so the most often used to write the Qur'an after the re-designed the X century Muhaqqaq, the same model made popular by Naskhi model. Rihani, a combination of Thuluth and Naskhi. Taliq words "hanging" developed by the writers of Persian calligraphy in the ninth century. Variant called Nostaliq, introduced in the fifteenth century and made the most common form of writing Persian documents.

Floral ornaments (Arabesque)


In addition to geometric and calligraphic decoration, many mosques are decorated with floral patterns (of plants) both are abstracted in part or in total tangible form a curved arch pattern , from plant stems, flowers, leaves and fruit.
Floral decorations usually use a pattern then repeated and doubled, continued to be areas, lines or frames of doors, windows, columns, beams, floors, ceilings, domes inside and out, the field and others. Same with geometric patterns and calligraphic decoration, floral shapes made with reliefs, mosaics are also a way painted with color materials.


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Monday 4 January 2010

ANATOLIA/ TURKEY


Anatolia region or often referred to in the history of Anadolu, Turkey covers an area today. In the north bordering the Black Sea coast of south, west, north to Bulgaria in the south part of the north west coast of the Mediterranean Sea, Syria, Iraq and the east by Iran and Russia. Some small areas in the west-north separated by the Bosporus Strait, the existence of two separate seas of the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara, but became the dominant cultural and governmental center of several dynasties. In this strait on the west edge of town there is Istanbul, formerly Constantinople, once famous center of Islamic culture in Anatolia and the surrounding area.

Anatolia Before Islam

Before Islam, the culture of Anatolia was recorded in 40th century history and the people in the Troy and Bogazkoy or Hattushash. In 2200-1200 before the era known Hellinic times Urartu, Phrygia and Lydia to each culture.
After the Achaemenid kings from Cyrus' invasion held in this region in 546, making this region prospered under Persian rule. The peak is reached when the glory of Persia under the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great conquered the region. After Alexander died, occurred many power struggles and eventually fall and become one of the Roman province with one defeat Seleucid generals who fought the power was defeated in the war Magnesia in 129 BC.
Roman Empire under Diocletian (284-304 AD) divided the territory into two parts of west and east, continued by Constantine who later made Constantinople (now Istanbul) the central government, culture and religion after Christianity made state religion. Next Constantinople became the heart of the Byzantine Empire a few centuries later, until the arrival of Islam of the Ottoman Empire until the Seljuq dynasty.

Early Muslim era in Turkey

Relations between Turkey and Islam began in 642, when the Turkish-Arab conflict. The first Muslim dynasties ruled Yasaman Kutay Turkey is at the end of the ninth century (870) derived from Buhara Horasan, acquire territory by freeing themselves from the Caliph of power. overall adaptation of Islam by the Turks occurred between 920-960, so that the time had left the Islamic monument, in the form of mosques, tombs, or madrassa. The process of embracing the new religion of Islam for the Turks became the new Babakan in Islamic history was consistent with a direct effect on the development of architecture.
Muslim-Turkish Caliph many troops Abbasyiah strengthen and increasingly widespread in the region involved in control of Islamic lands and the Byzantine East.
The mother of al Mamun (813-833) and al Mu'tasim (833-842), respectively authorities eduanya VII and VIII Abbasyiah son of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786-809) was a Turk. Mu'tasim with his bodyguards also from Turkey, at 832-842 to build the city of Samarra near Baghdad, since that's almost all of officers from the authorities Abbasyiah soldiers in the province of Asia Minor consists of Turkish people. Mu'tasim then founded an independent kingdom. Seljuq dynasty and then bring together the western Asia and Anatolia under his control.
Arab dominance of Islam in the region, including eastern Anatolia ended on 954. The emir was forced to hand over power to the leadership of the army under Buyiyah family (Buyids) from clumps Ghus (Guzz). Thus, the emirs hanay simply maintain the shape and the system social not on the substance of power and authority. Then in the next century, political power moved from dynasty to dynasty, especially from the Persian Buyiyah one of them. There is another remarkable dynasty of Ghaznawiyah dynasty, ruled Afghanistan, most of the Punjab and eastern Iran. They initially as the Turkish military slaves and then run the custom-Persian Islam.
Hegemony of the Turks was the stronger in the period under the Great Seljuq (Seljuq The Great) Turcomans tribal followers, the Turks-nomadic robbers who later converted to Islam. Seljuq dynasty dynasty shifted Ghaznawiyah and Buyiyah.
Chronology of the Muslim government in Turkey is divided into periods as follows: Seljuq (1070-1308), Danishemendid (1071-1177), Saltukid (1092-1202), Artuqid (1102-1408), Mengujukid (1118-1252), Mongol ( 1243-1335), Qaramandid (1256-1483), Beylik (the late-late XIV century XVI century) and Ottoman (1281-1924).

Architecture Development

Type of important buildings in the history of Turkish-Muslim, closer to the original tradition than outside influences. Both religious and secular buildings have architectural character is no different, although the materials, proportions, and decor vary. Seljuq architecture created a culture rooted in the Central Asian deserts is very well adapted to the religious pattern varies widely from Shamanism, Buddhism, and Islam. Geographically and sociologically developed in a process of transition from a wide area, the community groups with the other one is very different social and cultural systems. Seljuq inherited and influenced two different civilizations of Anatolia Hittites and Urraltus. On the other hand, residents in the south-eastern Anatolia, is also strongly influenced by the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Seljuq, Iran and Syria.
One of the most important differences or characteristics of the Seljuq architecture is at the portal or gateway, constructed of stone decorated with a variety of shapes and how, or techniques. Portal-Seljuq is typically in the advanced position of the front face, decorated with floral patterns (fegetal), also framed in the form of calligraphy stone. The top of the driveway, usually decorated with broken arch muqarnas on. From one of the decorations was a show full of characters Seljuq: figure taken from the animals totemistic, the human figure from Shamanistic of nomadic communities, floral arabesque clear influence from the East-central. In general portal Seljuq art to prove the strength of his reign. Seljuq architectural characteristics of other elements present in the dome, derived from their own traditions are widely used in the Middle East since the Assyrians. Synthesis in the form of dome Seljuq Anatolia with the original pattern, is a merger in the search for a new implementation.
Jasmine is not the original element Seljuq adopted and modified, so that became one of the architectural features. Similarly, the dome comes from the middle east since the Assyrians had always used was developed with innovation and new techniques, the Muslim religious buildings to be characteristic of other Seljuq architecture. Buildings and parts of the building was made heritage period following the situation illustrates the architectural development of Turkish-Seljuq era. Architectural-Seljuq Turks were strong enough and different than other times and places. Most cylindrical minaretnya Seljuq mosques, tall and majestic with decorations on top. Although the circular cross-section diagram of cylindrical form, but form a polygonal footholds. Walls decorated with calligraphy of the text, forming a ring on the rod-shaped towers are cylindrical. Ornament and the construction of exposed brick (not plastered) constructed so that spaces interwoven lines forming geometric lines. With the construction and decoration is such a terracotta color, is also a hallmark of the towers of the Seljuq towers with such characteristics was established early century XI (around 1020an).
The term or name for the mosque of the Muslims is different, from the Arabic in masgit said, calling Turkey a Muslim mosque mescit small means, to a large mosque called Cami, the same as in Indonesia, its main function jami mosque for Friday prayers, including the sermon. Another term used by many Muslims of Turkish Ulu means, so Ulu Cami mosque together with the highway, the great mosque, the mosque serves to Friday prayers in the largest or most of a city.


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